Genral Pharmacology in medical MBBS student . medico Brajesh

General Pharmacology – MBBS Medical Notes

Author: Medico Brajesh | Category: Pharmacology

Introduction

Pharmacology is the branch of medical science that deals with drugs and their effects on the human body. General Pharmacology covers the basic principles that every MBBS and paramedical student must understand before learning about specific drugs.

Scope of Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics: What the body does to the drug (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion).

Pharmacodynamics: What the drug does to the body (Mechanism of action, Receptor interaction, Dose-response).

Therapeutics: Use of drugs in treatment.
Toxicology: Study of harmful effects of drugs.

Pharmacokinetics Flowchart (ADME)

Below is a simple diagram showing the basic steps of pharmacokinetics:

Important Terms in General Pharmacology

Drug: Any substance that produces a biological effect.
Receptor: Site of drug action.
Agonist: Drug that activates a receptor.
Antagonist: Drug that blocks receptor action.
Bioavailability: Fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation.

Routes of Drug Administration

Oral: Most common, convenient, but slower onset.
Intravenous (IV): Rapid action, 100% bioavailability.
Intramuscular (IM): Moderate onset, useful for depot preparations.
Subcutaneous (SC): Slow absorption, e.g., insulin.
Topical: Local action, fewer systemic effects.

Factors Affecting Drug Action

Several factors influence how a drug acts in the body, including:

Age and body weight
Genetic factors
Route of administration
Drug interactions
Pathological state (e.g., liver/kidney disease)

Conclusion

General Pharmacology provides the foundation for understanding all other branches of pharmacology. A clear knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, routes of administration, and drug actions is essential for safe medical practice.

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